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A web framework is a collection of tools, libraries, and components that help developers build, test, and manage web applications. Web frameworks provide a structure and common foundation on which developers can build their applications, rather than having to start from scratch each time.
A typical web framework provides a set of features and tools, including a web server, route management, template engines, a database access layer, authentication and authorization, caching, and more. It can also include specialized libraries and tools for building APIs, processing user data and integrating with third-party services.
Web frameworks exist for many different programming languages, including Python, Java, Ruby, PHP and JavaScript. Popular examples of Python web frameworks include Django, Flask and Pyramid, while Java developers often use Spring, Struts and Play.
Using a web framework can help reduce the time and effort required to build web applications, as developers can focus on writing application code rather than infrastructure. In addition, a web framework can help improve the security, reliability, and scalability of web applications.